Progress on the taxonomic classification of Medicago species北大核心CSCD

This review investigates the disordered status of the classification of Medicago genus,both domestically and internationally. Several definitions of a taxonomic species were considered and the names and characteristics of 13 Medicago species in China are reported,together with a detailed summary of the names,life forms,chromosome numbers,pollination methods and natural distribution of about 90 Medicago species worldwide,including the classification of 14 sections and 10 subsections in Medicago. The molecular evolutionary relationships between different species,and the geographical origin of Medicago are discussed,and the genetic relationships between different subspecies in the alfalfa complex are further explained. This study puts forward a method of identifying Medicago species on the basis of deep understanding of the concept of species. A wide collection of global Medicago germplasm resources,aiming to further clarify the evolutionary relationship among different sections and different species by molecular evolution methods is proposed. This review provides a reference framework for future Medicago classification and alfalfa cross breeding. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

不同播种量下行距配置对紫花苜蓿产量及品质的影响北大核心CSCD

为探讨宁夏引黄灌区紫花苜蓿优质高效生产的最佳播种量和行距配置,试验采用双因素随机区组设计,研究了不同播种量(S_(1):13.5 kg·hm^(-2),S_(2):18.0 kg·hm^(-2),S_(3):22.5 kg·hm^(-2))和行距配置(R_(1):15 cm等行距,R_(2):20 cm等行距,R_(3):两窄一宽15 cm+15 cm+20 cm,R_(4):一窄一宽15 cm+20 cm)对紫花苜蓿生产性能和品质的影响。3年试验结果表明,播种量和行距对紫花苜蓿分枝数、叶茎比、干草产量、粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维含量和相对饲喂价值有显著影响(P<0.05),其中分枝数、叶茎比、干草产量和粗蛋白含量随播种量的增加呈先增加后降低趋势。干草产量(18.41 t·hm^(-2))、粗蛋白含量(21.00%)在播种量为18.0 kg·hm^(-2)和行距为15 cm+15 cm+20 cm时最高。中性洗涤纤维(36.50%)和酸性洗涤纤维(26.59%)含量在行距为20 cm时最低。相对饲喂价值(171.98)在播种量为18.0kg·hm^(-2)和行距为20 cm时最高。3年各项指标数据取其平均值,经主成分分析(PCA)可知,紫花苜蓿干草产量、叶茎比、分枝数和中性洗涤纤维贡献率较大,株高和酸性洗涤纤维贡献率较小。播种量为18.0 kg·hm^(-2)和行距为15cm+15 cm+20 cm时有利于提高紫花苜蓿干草产量和营养品质,是该地区紫花苜蓿草地最佳播种量和行距配置。     

紫花苜蓿与垂穗披碱草混播比例对其抗寒生长生理特征的影响

为探究混播群落中紫花苜蓿（MS）抗寒生长表型及对低温的响应特征,设置紫花苜蓿与垂穗披碱草4个混播比例（紫花苜蓿占比分别为100%、70%、50%和30%,即MS_100%、MS_70%、MS_50%和MS_30%）。在温室条件下,播种定苗经25 ℃育苗45 d后,转入15 ℃培养10 d,再转入5 ℃培养10 d,测定分析2个低温阶段混播群落中紫花苜蓿的生长抗寒生理指标。结果表明：从生长特征看,15 ℃阶段,MS_70%紫花苜蓿叶宽长比最小,MS_50%紫花苜蓿地上、地下和群落生物量最高,且紫花苜蓿根颈直径最大,分别较MS_100%和MS_70%高42.8%和46.8%;5 ℃阶段,紫花苜蓿地上、地下及群落生物量仍以MS_50%最高,MS_50%和MS_30%下紫花苜蓿的株高、分枝数、根颈直径、主根长度等表现较佳。从生理特征看,紫花苜蓿的根系较叶片对低温敏感,15 ℃阶段,MS_70%、MS_50%和MS_30%紫花苜蓿根系可溶性糖含量较MS_100%提高13.1%、25.2%和14.0%,MS_30%的根系脯氨酸含量比MS_100%高32.9%;5 ℃阶段,MS_50%紫花苜蓿根系可溶性糖含量最高,MS_50%和MS_30%可溶性蛋白及脯氨酸含量均高于MS_100%和MS_70%。基于紫花苜蓿生长生理特征综合评价及最优混播比例筛选得知,混播能提升紫花苜蓿生长生理特征对低温的适应,30%~50%的紫花苜蓿混播占比为研究区紫花苜蓿-禾草混播草地建植的适宜比例。     

基于GIS的陕西省栽培牧草区划

畜牧业是陕西省现代农业发展最大的短板,栽培牧草区划对解决优质饲草短缺和推动陕西草牧业发展具有十分重要的战略性指导意义。基于地理信息系统(Geographic Information System, GIS)空间分析法、模糊数学和层次分析法,结合陕西省地形数据、主要气象数据和土壤性状指标等,利用年降水量、年均温、土壤pH、地形地貌、坡度5个影响牧草生长的主要指标,对陕西省栽培牧草进行系统梳理,构建了模块功能全、适应性强的栽培牧草适宜性区划模型。以紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、红豆草(Onobrychis viciaefolia)、多年生黑麦草(Loliumperenne)、冰草(Agropyron cristatum) 4种主要栽培牧草为例进行了模型分析,同时以冰草为例进行验证,结果表明此区划模型具有很好的可行性,可对牧草新品种引进、优质牧草生产提供科学预判和决策,也为陕西省数字草业的发展奠定了基础。     

灌溉水质对苜蓿早期生长及养分吸收的影响

采用盆栽试验方法,设计7种不同灌溉水质对苜蓿（Medicago sativaL.cv‘.Algonquin＇）进行灌溉处理,包括：清水灌溉（F）、再生水灌溉（R）、等营养水灌溉（E）、清水和再生水交替灌溉（T）、再生水和清水1∶1混合灌溉（FR）、再生水和清水1∶2混合灌溉（F2R）、再生水和清水2∶1混合灌溉（2FR）。研究结果表明,与清水灌溉（F）相比,再生水灌溉（R）可以明显提高苜蓿的株高和侧枝数水平;交替灌溉（T）和混合灌溉（2FR）对提高苜蓿干草产量作用明显;各灌溉水质对苜蓿叶茎比、根冠比和根系活力的影响都是暂时性的,长期进行灌溉影响不显著;混合灌溉（FR、F2R、2FR）和再生水灌溉（R）会提高苜蓿体内氮、钙和镁的含量,而对钾的含量没有影响,苜蓿体内磷的含量随各灌溉水质中磷含量的增加而减小。     

不同灌溉量对紫花苜蓿生长特性及生物量的影响

采用随机区组试验设计,研究了不同灌溉量对紫花苜蓿生长特性和生物量的影响,阐明了水分状况与苜蓿生长特性的关系.(1)在苜蓿整个生育期中,各处理的叶面积从分枝期到盛花期变化趋势基本相同,都是先升后降;不同灌溉量对茎叶比产生的作用不明显;不同生育期苜蓿的植株高度随灌溉量的增加而增高.(2)现蕾期前后是苜蓿鲜生物量形成的关键时期.因此在现蕾期进行合理灌溉,对苜蓿叶面积、植株高度和产量的提高具有较大影响.     

33个紫花苜蓿品种萌发期的耐盐性评价

土地盐碱化是全球关注的环境问题之一.中国盐碱地分布广、面积大,筛选具有耐盐性的紫花苜蓿品种可有效利用盐碱地.该研究选取33个品种紫花苜蓿种子,分别在0(CK)、0.3％、0.6％、0.9％、1.2％和1.5％NaCl溶液处理下进行萌发试验,测定发芽势、发芽率和胚根长、幼苗长等指标,通过聚类、单因素和一元二次方程分析,对...     

我国棉蚜抗药性研究现状

棉蚜对有机磷类杀虫剂的抗性发展比较缓慢,有些地区抗性水平仍处于敏感或敏感度降低阶段,对氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂的主要品种抗性倍数大多在40倍以下,处于低至中抗水平,对拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂的抗性水平发展极快,已产生极高水平抗性,菊酯类杀虫剂已失去了对棉蚜的实际防治作用。棉蚜对杀虫剂的抗性机理涉及到靶标敏感度下降,体内解毒酶系活力升高等多种机理。对棉蚜的抗药性治理主要采用合理用药,结合农业和生物防治等措施进行综合治理。     

陕西棉蚜抗药性发展动态研究

测定了氯氰菊酯、氧化乐果、马拉硫磷、甲基对硫磷、久效磷、灭多威、吡虫啉、烟碱等8种杀虫剂对陕西棉蚜的毒力,并与1994,1995年测定结果比较,结果表明,陕西棉蚜对氯氰菊酯的抗药性发展很快,抗性倍数已达884.19的极高抗水平;对有机磷农药的抗药性发展比较平缓,抗性倍数为0.83～11.36,处于中低水平;对灭多威的抗药性发展呈下降趋势,抗性倍数为16.60;在供试药剂中,吡虫啉的相对毒力最高,LD50=1.043ng/头。     

Foam stability of leaves from anthocyanidin‐accumulating Lc‐alfalfa and relation to molecular structures detected by fourier‐transformed infrared‐vibration spectroscopy

Foam stability related to pasture bloat from alfalfa pastures might be reduced by introducing a gene that stimulates the accumulation of mono‐/polymeric‐anthocyanidin. The objective of this study was to determine the foam formation (at 0 min) and stability (at 150 min) from aqueous leaf extracts of three transgenic Lc‐alfalfa progeny (BeavLc1, RambLc3 and RangLc4), parental non‐transgenic (NT) alfalfa and AC Grazeland (bloat‐reduced cultivar) harvested at 07:00 or 18:00 h. Initial and final foam volumes at 07:00 h were lower for AC Grazeland compared with all other treatments and lower for RangLc4 compared with the other two Lc‐progeny at 0 min and NT‐alfalfa at 150 min. At 18:00 h, initial foam volume was larger for NT‐alfalfa and final foam volume was larger for RambLc3 compared with AC Grazeland, BeavLc1 and RangLc4. Spectroscopic vibration associated with carbohydrates increased initial foam volume and stability. More amide I relative to amide II, fewer α‐helices relative to β‐sheets and leaf extract ethanol‐film and protein content increased initial foam volume but did not stabilize it. Spectroscopic vibration associated with all carbohydrates other than structural carbohydrates was more important than vibration from protein structures for foam formation and stabilization. In conclusion, Lc‐alfalfa accumulated anthocyanidin and had reduced foaming properties compared with parental NT alfalfa but AC Grazeland and RangLc4 had the lowest foaming properties.